Heart health is fundamental to our overall wellbeing, and advancements in medical technology are providing new hope for those battling serious heart conditions such as aortic stenosis. At Northern Heart Hospital, we are proud to lead the way in cardiac care by offering Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) – a groundbreaking procedure designed to safely and effectively replace damaged aortic valves.
Let’s explore what TAVI is, its benefits, and why Northern Heart Hospital is the ideal place for this life-enhancing treatment.
Understanding Aortic Stenosis
Aortic stenosis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the aortic valve in the heart becomes narrowed or obstructed. This narrowing restricts blood flow from the heart into the aorta and onward to the rest of the body. Over time, aortic stenosis can cause significant strain on the heart, leading to various symptoms and complications.
Causes of Aortic Stenosis
Aortic stenosis can result from several factors, including:
- Age-related Calcification: The most common cause in older adults, where calcium deposits build up on the valve, causing it to stiffen and narrow.
- Congenital Heart Defects: Some people are born with an abnormal aortic valve, such as a bicuspid aortic valve, which is more prone to stenosis.
Rheumatic Fever: Although less common in developed countries, rheumatic fever can damage the aortic valve, leading to stenosis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors
Aortic stenosis primarily affects individuals over the age of 65, but it can occur at any age depending on the underlying cause. Risk factors include:
- Age: Increasing age is the most significant risk factor.
- Gender: Men are slightly more likely to develop aortic stenosis.
- Lifestyle Factors: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking can contribute to the progression of the disease.
- Genetics: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk.
- Chronic Kidney Disease
Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis
Common symptoms include:
- Chest Pain (Angina): Discomfort or pressure in the chest, especially during physical exertion.
- Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea): Difficulty breathing during activities or even at rest in severe cases.
- Fatigue and Weakness: A feeling of tiredness that makes daily tasks challenging.
- Dizziness or Fainting (Syncope): Sudden loss of consciousness, often during or after physical activity.
If left untreated, aortic stenosis can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
What is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)?
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), also known as Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR), is a minimally invasive procedure that offers an alternative to traditional open-heart surgery for patients requiring aortic valve replacement. TAVI has revolutionised the treatment of aortic stenosis, especially for those deemed high-risk or unsuitable for conventional surgery.
How Does TAVI Work?
TAVI involves inserting a new aortic valve through a catheter, typically accessed via the femoral artery in the groin or, in some cases, through a small incision in the chest. The procedure is performed under general or local anaesthesia with sedation, ensuring patient comfort.
Step-by-Step Process:
- Access and Insertion: A catheter is carefully inserted into the chosen access point and guided to the heart using advanced imaging techniques such as fluoroscopy or echocardiography.
- Valve Deployment: The new valve, mounted on a balloon or self-expanding stent, is positioned within the diseased aortic valve. Once correctly placed, the new valve is deployed, pushing the old valve leaflets aside and securing the new valve in place.
- Completion: The catheter is removed, and the access site is closed. The procedure typically takes one to two hours, depending on the complexity.
Types of Valves Used in TAVI
There are two main types of valves used in TAVI:
- Balloon-Expandable Valves: These valves are expanded into place using a balloon catheter.
- Self-Expanding Valves: These valves automatically expand once deployed.
Both types are designed to mimic the function of a natural aortic valve, ensuring proper blood flow and reducing the risk of complications.
The Benefits of TAVI
TAVI offers numerous advantages over traditional open-heart surgery, making it an attractive option for many patients.
1. Minimally Invasive with Maximum Results
Unlike open-heart surgery, which requires large incisions and stopping the heart, TAVI is performed through small incisions. This minimally invasive approach reduces surgical trauma, lowers the risk of infection, and minimises scarring, leading to a more comfortable recovery experience.
2. Shorter Recovery Time
Recovery from traditional aortic valve replacement can take several weeks to months. In contrast, TAVI patients often return home within a few days and can resume normal activities much sooner. This rapid recovery is particularly beneficial for older adults and those with other health conditions.
3. A Lifesaving Option for High-Risk Patients
TAVI is especially suitable for patients who are considered high-risk or unsuitable for open-heart surgery due to factors like advanced age, frailty, or other medical conditions. By providing a safer alternative, TAVI ensures that more patients receive the essential treatment they need.
4. Improved Quality of Life
By replacing the narrowed aortic valve, TAVI effectively alleviates symptoms such as breathlessness and fatigue. Patients often experience a significant improvement in their ability to engage in daily activities and enjoy a better overall quality of life.
5. Proven Safety and Effectiveness
Extensive clinical studies have demonstrated that TAVI is a safe and effective treatment for aortic stenosis, with high success rates and low complication rates. Ongoing advancements in technology continue to enhance the procedure’s safety and efficacy. Current data suggests that the 12-year durability is similar to surgical aortic valve replacement.
6. Reduced Hospital Stay and Costs
The minimally invasive nature of TAVI typically results in shorter hospital stays compared to open-heart surgery. This not only reduces the risk of hospital-acquired infections but also lowers the complication risk compared to open heart surgery.
Why Choose Northern Heart Hospital for TAVI?
At Northern Heart Hospital, we are committed to providing the highest standards of cardiac care, supported by expert staff and state-of-the-art facilities. Here’s why we are the ideal choice for your TAVI procedure:
- Expert Team of Specialists
Our team comprises highly skilled cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and interventional specialists who have extensive experience in performing TAVI procedures. Their deep understanding of heart conditions and expertise in the latest techniques ensure that each patient receives personalised and effective care. - State-of-the-Art Facilities
Northern Heart Hospital is equipped with cutting-edge imaging technology and advanced catheterisation labs designed for precision and safety. Our facilities enable our specialists to perform TAVI with the highest level of accuracy, minimising risks and enhancing patient outcomes. - Comprehensive Patient Care
We adopt a holistic, patient-centred approach to care. From the initial consultation and diagnosis through to the procedure and post-operative recovery, our dedicated team supports you every step of the way. We ensure that you are well-informed, comfortable, and confident throughout your treatment journey. - Innovative Treatment Options
As one of the few centres offering TAVI, Northern Heart Hospital is at the forefront of cardiac innovation. We continuously invest in the latest medical technologies and training to provide our patients with access to the most advanced and effective treatments available.
What to Expect from TAVI at Northern Heart Hospital
Undergoing TAVI at Northern Heart Hospital is a seamless and reassuring experience, guided by our expert team from start to finish.
- Pre-Procedure Consultation
Your journey begins with a comprehensive consultation where our specialists will discuss your condition, treatment options, and what to expect from the procedure. We will conduct thorough assessments, including imaging and diagnostic tests, to ensure that TAVI is the right choice for you.
- Procedure Day
On the day of the procedure, you will be prepared for TAVI in a comfortable and supportive environment. Our team will ensure you are relaxed and informed about each step of the process. Using advanced imaging guidance, the catheter and new valve will be precisely positioned, ensuring optimal placement and function.
- Post-Procedure Care
After TAVI, you will be closely monitored in our specialised recovery unit. Most patients experience minimal discomfort and can begin mobilisation soon after the procedure. Our team will provide pain management and support to ensure a smooth recovery.
- Follow-Up Appointments
We schedule regular follow-up appointments to monitor your heart’s function and overall health. These visits allow us to address any concerns and ensure that your new valve is working effectively, helping you maintain a healthy and active lifestyle.
The Future of TAVI and Cardiac Care at Northern Heart Hospital
Northern Heart Hospital is committed to staying at the cutting edge of cardiac care. We continuously invest in research and development to improve TAVI techniques and outcomes. Our partnerships with leading medical institutions and participation in clinical trials ensure that our patients benefit from the latest advancements in heart health.
Take the First Step Towards Better Heart Health
Living with aortic stenosis can be challenging, but advanced treatments like TAVI offer new hope and improved quality of life. At Northern Heart Hospital, our expert team, state-of-the-art facilities, and patient-centred approach ensure that you receive the best possible care.
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with aortic stenosis, don’t delay seeking treatment. Early intervention can make a significant difference in your health and wellbeing. Contact Northern Heart Hospital today to schedule a consultation with our specialist team. Together, we will develop a personalised care plan to restore your heart health and enhance your quality of life.
Northern Heart Hospital – leading the way in heart care, so you can lead a heart-healthy life.